2020 Nissan Altima: Transmission & Axle Ratios

Transmission Gear Ratios

The 2020 Nissan Altima comes equipped exclusively with an Xtronic Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). Unlike a traditional automatic or manual transmission that uses a set number of fixed gears, a CVT operates on a pulley system that provides a continuous, seamless range of gear ratios. This technology allows the engine to stay in its most efficient powerband, maximizing fuel economy and providing smooth acceleration.

While the CVT doesn't have distinct "gears" in the conventional sense, it has a defined range of operation from its lowest (for acceleration) to its highest (for cruising) ratio. These are often programmed with "D-Step" logic to mimic the feel of traditional gear shifts during spirited driving. The overall ratio spread is a key indicator of the transmission's capability.

Available Axle Ratios

In a front-wheel drive or all-wheel drive vehicle like the Altima, the "axle ratio" is more commonly referred to as the final drive ratio. This ratio is the last step in the driveline, multiplying the torque from the transmission before it reaches the wheels. For the 2020 Altima, the final drive ratio is specifically matched to the engine and drivetrain configuration to optimize performance and efficiency. It is not an option that can be chosen separately.

How to Identify Your Axle Ratio

Unlike domestic trucks from Ford, GM, or Ram, Nissan sedans do not have a simple axle tag on the differential or a dedicated RPO code sticker in the glove box. The most reliable method to identify your 2020 Altima's factory-installed final drive ratio is to check the vehicle information placard.

This placard is typically a silver or white sticker located in the driver's side door jamb, near the latch. On this sticker, you will find information such as the VIN, paint code, and production date. Look for a line labeled "TRANS/AXLE". This will list a code for your transmission followed by a code for your axle (e.g., RE0F10D / FQ48). The axle code (e.g., FQ48) specifies the final drive ratio. This code can be cross-referenced online or with a Nissan dealership parts department to confirm the exact ratio.

Alternatively, any Nissan dealership can look up your exact vehicle specifications, including the final drive ratio, using your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).

Towing vs. MPG Impact

Although the 2020 Nissan Altima is not rated for towing, the principles of axle ratios still apply to its performance and fuel economy. The final drive ratio is a critical factor that engineers use to balance these two attributes.

• Numerically Higher Ratio (e.g., 4.937): A higher number means more torque multiplication. This results in quicker acceleration from a stop. The AWD Altima uses a slightly higher ratio than its FWD counterpart to offset the added weight of the AWD system, ensuring it feels just as responsive.

• Numerically Lower Ratio (e.g., 4.083): A lower number means less torque multiplication. The engine doesn't have to work as hard to maintain speed on the highway, resulting in lower RPMs and better fuel economy. The powerful 2.0L VC-Turbo engine produces enough torque that it can be paired with a much lower numerical ratio. This allows for powerful acceleration when needed while being highly efficient during highway cruising.

In summary, Nissan paired each engine and drivetrain with a specific, non-optional final drive ratio to achieve the best possible blend of acceleration and MPG for that particular configuration.

Common Issues

The Xtronic CVT used in the 2020 Altima is a complex component and has been the subject of some owner complaints. While many owners experience no issues, some common problems reported for this generation of CVT include:

• Shuddering or Hesitation: Some drivers report a jerking or shuddering feeling, particularly at low speeds or under light acceleration. This can sometimes be addressed with a software update from a Nissan dealership.
• Transmission Overheating: In demanding conditions, such as climbing steep grades in hot weather, the CVT can overheat, causing the vehicle to enter a reduced-power "limp" mode to protect the transmission.
• Premature Wear/Failure: Though less common on newer models like the 2020, the longevity of CVTs is a known concern in the industry. The most critical factor for ensuring a long service life is proper maintenance.

Regular fluid changes are vital. Despite what some information may suggest about "lifetime" fluid, changing the Nissan NS-3 CVT fluid every 30,000 to 60,000 miles is highly recommended by transmission experts to prevent premature wear and ensure smooth operation.

If you are experiencing any driveline vibrations or noises, it's best to have your vehicle inspected by a qualified professional.

Find a driveline shop on Repairius.