2016 Nissan Frontier — Transmission & Axle Gear Ratios

Transmission gear ratios

The 2016 Nissan Frontier was available with two primary transmission options: a 5-speed automatic and a 6-speed manual for V6 models, and a 5-speed manual or 5-speed automatic for 4-cylinder models. Each transmission offers a unique set of internal gear ratios designed to balance performance, towing capability, and fuel economy across the various engine and drivetrain configurations.

5-Speed Automatic Transmission (RE5R05A)

This automatic transmission was commonly paired with the V6 engine and provided smooth shifts for a wide range of driving conditions.

6-Speed Manual Transmission (FS6R31A)

Available primarily with the V6 engine, this manual transmission offered more driver engagement and control.

5-Speed Manual Transmission (FS5R15A/FS5R30A) (4-cylinder)

This manual transmission was typically found in 4-cylinder models, aiming for efficiency and lighter-duty applications.

Available axle ratios

The 2016 Nissan Frontier offered several axle ratios, which played a significant role in determining the truck's overall performance characteristics. These ratios were often dependent on the engine, transmission, driveline (2WD or 4WD), and trim level.

Note: Early 2016 models and specific configurations might have slight variations or carryover axle codes. Always verify with your specific vehicle.

How to identify your axle ratio

Identifying your Nissan Frontier's axle ratio is crucial for proper maintenance, upgrades, or diagnosing issues. Unlike some domestic manufacturers, Nissan does not typically use a prominent "RPO" sticker with axle codes on the door jamb in the same way GM does. However, there are a few reliable methods:

1. Axle Tag: The most definitive way is to look for a metal tag attached to one of the differential cover bolts on the rear axle. This tag will usually have the axle ratio stamped on it. It might be difficult to read due to rust or grime over time, so cleaning it may be necessary.
2. VIN Decoder (Dealer/Online Resources): A Nissan dealership parts department can often provide detailed build information, including your axle ratio, by querying your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). Several online VIN decoders can also provide some level of detail, though they may not always specify the exact axle ratio directly.
3. Visual Inspection/Counting (Last Resort): In some cases, if no other information is available, a mechanic can remove the differential cover and physically count the teeth on the ring gear and pinion gear. The ring gear tooth count divided by the pinion gear tooth count will give you the axle ratio. This is a more involved process and often unnecessary if other methods are attempted first.

Towing vs MPG impact

The axle ratio has a direct and significant impact on both the towing capability and fuel economy of your 2016 Nissan Frontier:

• Numerically Lower Ratio (e.g., 3.133, 3.357): A numerically lower (or "taller") axle ratio means the engine will turn fewer revolutions per minute (RPM) at a given road speed. This typically results in better fuel economy on the highway, as the engine is operating at a more relaxed RPM. However, it also means the truck will have reduced towing capacity and slower acceleration, as the engine has less mechanical advantage to get the load moving.

• Numerically Higher Ratio (e.g., 3.692, 3.916): Conversely, a numerically higher (or "shorter") axle ratio means the engine will turn more RPMs at a given road speed. This provides greater mechanical advantage, resulting in improved towing capability, quicker acceleration, and better performance in off-road or hilly conditions. The trade-off is often lower fuel economy, especially at highway speeds, as the engine is working harder.

For the 2016 Frontier, if towing is a priority, a ratio like the 3.916 found in the PRO-4X models would be ideal. If daily commuting and fuel efficiency are more important, the lower ratios in the 4-cylinder 2WD models (3.133, 3.357) would be more suitable.

Common issues

While the 2016 Nissan Frontier is generally a robust truck, some common issues related to the driveline and axles can occur:

• Rear Axle Whine/Hum: This is a common complaint, particularly with the M226 (Dana 44) rear differential found in many V6 4x4 models. It often manifests as a speed-dependent whine or hum that can change with acceleration or deceleration. Causes can range from low differential fluid, worn ring and pinion gears, or faulty pinion bearings. Early diagnosis and repair are crucial to prevent further damage.
• Carrier Bearing Wear: The bearings supporting the differential carrier can wear out over time, leading to noise, vibrations, and potentially excessive play in the driveline. This is often heard as a growling noise that changes with vehicle speed.
• Limited-Slip Differential (LSD) Clutch Wear: If your Frontier is equipped with a limited-slip differential (which was an option on some trims), the internal clutch packs can wear out. Symptoms include a chattering or clunking noise when turning at low speeds, or a noticeable decrease in traction in slippery conditions. Regular fluid changes with the correct friction modifier are essential for LSD longevity.
• U-Joint Wear: While not directly an axle component, worn universal joints in the driveshaft can mimic axle issues, causing vibrations or clunking noises during acceleration or shifting. It's always good to inspect U-joints when diagnosing driveline noises.

Find a driveline shop on Repairius.