2019 Volvo VNL Fluid Type & Capacity Specifications

Quick Reference: 2019 Volvo VNL Fluid Specs

Fluid	Type/Spec	Capacity
Engine Oil	API CK-4; SAE 15W-40, 10W-30, 5W-30	38-42 quarts (Volvo D13/D11)
Engine Coolant	Volvo VCS / VCRS (Yellow)	12-14 gallons
Transmission Fluid	Volvo I-Shift: Volvo 97318 / 97319	14-16 quarts
Rear Differential	API GL-5; SAE 80W-90, 75W-90, 75W-140	18-23 quarts (per axle)
Brake Fluid	N/A (Full Air Brake System)	N/A
Power Steering	Volvo 97324; ATF Dexron III	~2-3 quarts
Windshield Washer	Standard Washer Fluid	~2 gallons
DEF (Diesel Exhaust)	ISO 22241	10-23 gallons

---

In-Depth Fluid Specifications

Engine Oil

The 2019 Volvo VNL, typically equipped with the Volvo D11 or D13 engine, requires a heavy-duty diesel engine oil that meets the API CK-4 specification. The correct oil is crucial for protecting the engine, managing soot, and ensuring the longevity of the complex aftertreatment system (DPF, SCR).

• Specification: API CK-4 is mandatory. Look for oils with Volvo's VDS-4.5 approval for maximum protection and optimized drain intervals. VDS-4 oils are also acceptable but VDS-4.5 is the most current standard.
• Viscosity: The most common viscosity grades are SAE 15W-40 for general use and SAE 10W-30 for improved fuel economy and cold-weather performance. In very cold climates, a SAE 5W-30 synthetic may be used, provided it meets the VDS-4.5 approval.
• Capacity: Engine oil capacity can vary based on the specific engine (D11 vs. D13) and oil pan configuration. It typically falls between 38 and 42 quarts. Always use the dipstick to verify the final fill level after a service.
• Notes: Never use passenger car oil (API SP/SN) in a diesel engine. The additive packages are completely different and will not protect a heavy-duty diesel engine from wear and soot buildup.

Engine Coolant

Volvo trucks use a specific Organic Acid Technology (OAT) coolant to protect the mix of metals in the cooling system. Using the wrong coolant can cause catastrophic damage.

• Specification: Use only Volvo VCS (Volvo Coolant Specification) or VCRS (Volvo Coolant Ready Solution) coolant. This is a yellow-colored OAT extended life coolant. It may also be listed as meeting the ASTM D6210 standard.
• Capacity: The cooling system is large, holding between 12 and 14 gallons.
• Notes: Do not mix Volvo VCS coolant with other coolant types like conventional green or orange Dex-Cool. If the system has been contaminated with another coolant type, a complete flush is necessary to prevent gelling, corrosion, and overheating.

Transmission Fluid

Most 2019 Volvo VNLs are equipped with the Volvo I-Shift automated manual transmission. These require a very specific fluid.

• Specification: For Volvo I-Shift transmissions, use a fluid meeting Volvo 97318 or 97319 specifications. These are fully synthetic fluids designed for the unique needs of the automated gearbox.
• Capacity: The I-Shift transmission holds approximately 14 to 16 quarts.
• Notes: Do not use standard manual transmission gear oil or generic ATF. Using the incorrect fluid will lead to poor shift quality, excessive wear on synchronizers and bearings, and eventual transmission failure.

Rear Differential Fluid

The drive axles on a VNL work under extreme loads and require a robust gear oil.

• Specification: Use a high-quality gear oil meeting the API GL-5 service category. The specific weight depends on the axle manufacturer (e.g., Meritor, Dana) and application. Common viscosities include SAE 80W-90 (mineral) and SAE 75W-90 (synthetic). For heavy-haul applications, a synthetic SAE 75W-140 may be specified.
• Capacity: Capacity varies significantly with the axle model, but expect approximately 18 to 23 quarts per axle.
• Notes: Some axles may have a differential lock feature, but limited-slip additives are not typically required unless specified by the axle manufacturer for a particular model. Always check the fill plug level on a level surface.

Brake Fluid

The 2019 Volvo VNL is a Class 8 truck and is equipped with a full air brake system. It does not use hydraulic brake fluid for its primary service brakes.

Power Steering Fluid

Power steering systems on the VNL are hydraulic and require a specific fluid to prevent pump wear and ensure smooth operation.

• Specification: Volvo specifies a fluid meeting its Volvo 97324 standard, which corresponds to an ATF Dexron III type fluid.
• Capacity: The system typically holds 2 to 3 quarts.
• Notes: While some ATFs meet this spec, it's best to use a fluid that explicitly states it is for heavy-duty power steering systems or meets the Dexron III / Volvo 97324 spec to avoid issues with seal compatibility.

Windshield Washer Fluid

Use any standard commercial windshield washer fluid. In winter months, use a fluid with an antifreeze agent rated for the ambient temperatures to prevent freezing in the reservoir and lines.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

DEF is critical for the operation of the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system, which reduces NOx emissions.

• Specification: Use a high-quality DEF that is ISO 22241 certified. On the packaging, this may also be indicated by the API Certified Diesel Exhaust Fluid logo.
• Capacity: DEF tank sizes vary, with common options holding between 10 and 23 gallons.
• Notes: Never put anything other than DEF into the DEF tank. Contamination with diesel fuel, water, or any other substance will damage the SCR system, leading to extremely expensive repairs. The DEF fill port is blue and is smaller than the diesel fuel port to help prevent accidental filling.

---

Disclaimer: This information is provided as a general guide. Fluid specifications and capacities can vary based on specific engine, transmission, and axle options. Always consult your owner's manual or OEM service information to verify the correct fluid and capacity for your specific vehicle configuration.

Find a trusted shop on Repairius.