2016 Ford F-150 Transmission & Axle Gear Ratios

Transmission gear ratios

The 2016 Ford F-150 offered two primary transmission options: the 6R80 6-speed automatic and the new 6R100 6-speed automatic, which was mainly paired with the 3.5L EcoBoost engine in higher towing configurations.

6R80 6-Speed Automatic Transmission

6R100 6-Speed Automatic Transmission

Available axle ratios

The 2016 F-150 had a variety of axle ratios available, significantly impacting performance characteristics. Here’s a breakdown of common ratios:

(Note: Axle codes can vary slightly based on open vs. electronic locking differentials. "L" often denotes an electronic locking differential.)

How to identify your axle ratio

For a 2016 Ford F-150, the easiest way to identify your axle ratio is by looking at the sticker on the driver's side door jamb. Locate the "AXLE" code. This code will correspond to the ratio installed in your truck. For example, "L9" would indicate a 3.55 electronic locking differential. If the sticker is missing or unreadable, you can often find a metal tag attached to one of the differential cover bolts on the rear axle housing itself. This tag will have the ratio stamped on it (e.g., "3 55" for 3.55:1).

Towing vs MPG impact

The axle ratio plays a critical role in determining your F-150's capabilities. Simply put:

• Numerically lower axle ratios (e.g., 3.15, 3.31): These ratios mean the engine rotates fewer times for each rotation of the wheels. This results in lower engine RPMs at cruising speeds, leading to better fuel economy. However, it also means less mechanical advantage for towing or hauling, requiring the engine to work harder.

• Numerically higher axle ratios (e.g., 3.73, 4.10): These ratios mean the engine rotates more times for each rotation of the wheels. This provides greater mechanical advantage, making it easier to tow heavy loads, accelerate quickly, and perform better off-road. The trade-off is higher engine RPMs at cruising speeds, which generally leads to lower fuel economy.

Choosing the right axle ratio depends on your primary usage. If you mostly commute and rarely tow, a lower ratio is ideal. If you frequently tow heavy trailers or venture off-road, a higher ratio will provide the necessary power and control.

Common issues

While generally reliable, axle assemblies can experience some common issues over time:

• Ring and Pinion Whine: This is often heard as a howling or whining noise that changes with vehicle speed and throttle input. It can indicate wear to the ring and pinion gears, improper gear mesh, or worn pinions bearings. Addressing this early is crucial to prevent further damage.

• Carrier Bearing Wear: The carrier bearings support the differential carrier within the axle housing. Worn bearings can lead to noise, vibration, and ultimately differential failure if not replaced.

• Limited-Slip Clutch Wear (if equipped): For F-150s with a limited-slip differential (LSD), the clutch packs can wear out over time. This can result in a loss of the limited-slip function, leading to one-wheel spin in slippery conditions. It may also manifest as chattering or clunking noises during turns, especially at low speeds.

• Electronic Locking Differential Actuator Failure: The electronic locking differential uses an electric actuator. While less common, these actuators can fail, preventing the differential from engaging or disengaging properly. Diagnosis often involves checking for electrical continuity and actuator movement.

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